A Modern Model for the Cosmos(A. SHAMAZADEH
A Modern Model for the Cosmos
Note: the beginning example of this article is based on the version no 104 of the surah Al-anbiaa .
Next to the mystery of the existence of the soul and the afterlife, the mystery of the shape of the universe may be considered as the mystery of all mysteries, and most difficult to solve by scientists. Ebrahim Victory – Cosmologist
He is right, but why this mystery, the most difficult to solve by scientists?
To help answer this question is that we are living inside the universe. A child as long as lives at a home can only knows the internal shape of the home. As compared with the universe, that child we are, and only the Almighty God has authority and superiority over the universe and knows its external shape. The intuitions granted by God:
Expanding shape of the cosmos
We all have seen a rolled up sheet. If we look at inside of such a sheet, which has as tightly as possible rolled up and then released, which kind of a shape we can see?
The answer is spiral. (Snail’s shell shape)
If we wish to roll up this sheet once again, what can we do?
The answer: we start rolling the central layer up, with the upper layers following the central layer, and all the layers roll upon each other.
The mystery of the creation (Big Bang), also to put an end to it
(Big Crunch), is as simple as this example.
The particulars of a snail’s shell
To imagine the universe shape, we can select a snail’s shell as ‘reference body’ with seven layers and then consider the particulars of the universe shape as following:
1. The major mass and gravity force of this body exist in its core.
2. Every snail’s shell grows up and expands from the core.
3. The core of this body has not spontaneously created, because it needs an initial motive power.
4. The further the layers of a snail’s shell away from the core, the further they expand; and get centrifugal force.
5. The expansion process of a snail’s shell follows special rules; hence, it is in order perfectly.
6. Every layer has separated from another by a rigid septum.
7. One of the important particulars of the body with spiral shape is that it can better carry different waves including sound waves.
This explains:
· Why all instruments transmitting sound waves, such as cochlea in the ears, horn, and trumpet, is spiral - shaped.
· Why in our modern world, various receivers and transmitters of audio - visual waves are horny shaped; or “spiral” so far as possible.
The cosmic model as a spiral system
Maybe the Almighty God created the lovely snail dragging its cavernous and calcareous shell as a ‘small and temporary home’ on its soft back, to show us the shape of the cosmos, as a ‘huge and permanent home’ dragging on humanity shoulders, to creep inside, on the Big Crunch.
To imagine spiral shape of the cosmos, we can assume our spiral galaxy of Milky Way with a great black hole in its core, as the core of cosmic snail, then consider the galaxy with the seven layers, as the seven layers of the cosmic snail.
Better to imagine mentioned cosmic system with its structure and circumference, we can assume a huge transparent vitreous snail’s shell, looks dark inside, with some bright spots scattered amongst darkness. So the further the layers of cosmic snail away from the core, the further the bright spots, and in the last layer, everything is bright. Meanwhile we can distinguish the septum of the layers and a blackout core in the center.
Accretion Disk Simulation
Credit: Michael Owen, John Blondin (North Carolina State Univ.)
Explanation: Don't be fooled by the familiar pattern. The graceful spiral structure seen in this computer visualization does not portray winding spiral arms in a distant galaxy of stars. Instead, the graphic shows spiral shock waves in a three dimensional simulation of an accretion disk -- material swirling onto a compact central object that could represent a white dwarf star, neutron star, or black hole. Such accretion disks power bright x-ray sources within our own galaxy. They form in binary star systems which consist of a donor star (not shown above), supplying the accreting material, and a compact object whose strong gravity ultimately draws the material towards its surface. For known x-ray binary systems the size of the accretion disk itself might fall somewhere between the diameter of the Sun (about 1,400,000 kilometers) and the diameter of the Moon's orbit (800,000 kilometers). One interesting result of the virtual reality astrophysics illustrated here is that the simulated disk develops instabilities which tend to smear out the pronounced spiral shocks.
Illumination: every galaxy has two or three layers and snail’s shells, tree or four layers. Then it is difficult to show a scheme of spiral shape with seven layers, because we need at least twenty meters wide space or area.
Explanation of such a system:
1. The seven layers with rigid septum form the “cosmic snail”.
2. The bright spots form visible universe. (4% heaviness of the cosmos)
3. The rest of the seven layers is Dark matter. (22%)
4. The blackout core, called Dark energy, is “cosmic snail core”. (74%)
5. “Cosmic snail core” is the main feeding source for the cosmic snail, as the expansive “space time”, so the further the layers of the cosmic snail is near the core, the further the mass and density and slower the time. The time becomes slower because movement becomes slower by gravity, such as no time in the core and the gravity is at the most.
Super gravitation
In attention to discoveries of the COBE and WMAP (only, until 380000 years after Big Bang is visible) and to assume the cosmic snail shape, the gravitational relationship among the Beings parts is, as following:
1. The Visible universe: the gravitation of the moons are attached to the planets, the planets to the stars, the stars to the galaxies, the galaxies to the galactic cluster, and them to the galactic super clusters, etc.
2. The Dark matter: the gravitation of the visible universe (4%) attached to the Dark matter (22%) which spread all over the cosmic snail.
3. The Dark energy: the Dark matter gravitation attached to the Dark energy (74%).
Super gravitation: the gravitation of the Dark energy attached to the Supreme Being. Then super gravitation is the Almighty God.
Trinity cosmos (3M universes)
In attention to above achievements, we can announce and proclaim that our interpretation of beings is that we can recognize three forms of the universes, which form the ‘cosmos’ as following:
Main universe (cosmic snail core) called Dark energy (singularity universe) with these substantive particulars:
· It is the main feeding source for the ‘cosmic snail’ as the expansive “space time” with any “space time” and expansion itself. It is the “constants universe” meanwhile is not a “constant universe”.
· Its essence is of quantum, and its quality is of absolute light.
· Because of having the most mass and density, seems blackout and invisible; like as a huge and singular powerful black hole.
· Like as every other source loses some of its energy, but the changes are very insignificant.
Middle universe called Dark matter (light and power universe) with these functions:
· It is the coordinator and preserver between main and visible universes.
· It plays the role of an active regulator with safety regulations to control the cosmic system affairs.
· It is the factory of galaxy making. It takes energy over ‘main universe’ (input) and after a process of actions and reactions, sends them probably through wormholes to the visible universe (output). Dark energy is so much powerful, that it is actually impossible to produce directly something visible.
· Reconstruction: dead stars like as black dwarf, comeback to this factory through black holes for reconstruction; because nothing spoiled in the system and all the changes are merely displacement and rearrangement of the energy, the matters, and the waves.
Mini universe called visible universe (multiplicity universe) we know relatively its specifications.
Scientific justification of the model:
1. ISOTROPIC VIEW FOR THE UNIVERSE
1. Some years before Edwin Hubble discovery of the universe expansion, Alexander Friedman had got two simple hypothesizes in 1922:
· The universe looks generally the same from any point of vantage.
· No part of it is exactly is identical to any other part, still its overall makeup is the same everywhere.
2. In 1965, a couple of American physicists: Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson declared that the sounds come from outer space, before reach us, they have passed through great parts of the universe; furthermore, these waves are monotonous and homogeneous in various directions. Then they came to a good conclusion: The Universe is “Isotropic” in greater scales.
3. No better isotropic shape than spiral (snail’s shell) shape, among the geometrical shapes can be found. Then THE UNIVERSE SHAPE IS SPIRAL.
2. EINSTEIN’S GRAVITATIONAL VIEW
1. According to General Relativity Theory, the matter changes and twists the surrounding space, and contorts it out of the usual shape, then the further the mass and density of the matter in a certain field, the further its curvature.
2. The center of a snail’s shell has the most mass, density and curvature.
3. According to the Doppler Effect and the achievements of the Big Bang, the center of universe should have the most density and plaits.
Then THE UNIVERSE SHAPE IS SPIRAL.
3. WAVES RETAINING VIEW FOR THE UNIVERSE
1. Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered microwave background radiation, using a very large horny shaped receiver, and they declared that the universe entirely filled with this radiation; and this discovery won them the Noble Prize.
2. Had the receiver not been horny shaped, this discovery would not have been possible (since horn has a partial snail’s shell shape).
3. Had the universe not been spiral - shaped, it could not have retained this radiation since the Big Bang.
Then THE UNIVERSE SHAPE IS SPIRAL.
Efficiencies of the model:
1. Proving the existence of enough energy in the main universe, to justify the Big Crunch and to believe the universe has purposefully created. Deliver a valuable idea in this case by NASA / WMAP Science Team:
The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is leftover radiation from the Big Bang stretched by the universe's expansion into the microwave region of the spectrum. In this image, NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) records minuscule temperature fluctuations in the CMB as different colors.
In principle, an advanced civilization could create a universe and encode information in the CMB that would let civilizations in the offspring universe, know that their universe has purposefully created.
2. Substantiation the Einstein view about cosmic curvature and refuting the devious ideas has expressed by some cosmologists in this field.
3. Correction of the Hubble Law
Hubble said:
The further a galaxy away from the earth, the greater its velocity of escape.
He declared this view, because he had not known the shape of the universe; otherwise, he would have said:
The further a galaxy away from the main universe, the greater its velocity of escape.
4. Correction of the Hawking view about the universe shape
Prof. Hawking has written a book and titled The Universe in a Nut’s shell. He chose such a title, because he had not known the shape of the cosmos; otherwise, he would have titled his book: The Universe in a Snail’s shell; but his idea about hardness of the universe’s shell as a nut’s shell or snail’s shell, is admirable.
5. Resolving many problems in the cosmological fields for example, scientific struggle between Harlow Shapley and Herbert D. Curtis in 1920. Then, Hubble explanation in this field maybe rejected.
In attention to “the further the layers of the cosmic snail near the core, the further the mass and density, and slower the time” and assume hardness of the cosmic snail septum, many of the distance measures according to the Hubble constant measurements, maybe needed to revise.
It seems our theory will call the Hublle Law defenders to challenge. Because another problem with estimating the size of the universe, is curvature of space-time as we believe in spiral shape for the universe also held by the general theory of relativity. This curvature also would affect measurements of distance based on the passage of light through space from objects.
6. Rejection the idea of colliding and merge the closing galaxies. Galaxies move in the layers of cosmic snail with rigid septum; and the layers are upon each other. The cosmologists suppose all the closing galaxies will collide and merge in together, but at least while two galaxies are in the separate layers, is not so, however near they may be. This viewpoint will solve many of the problems in cosmology field. Some examples:
NGC 1531/2: Interacting Galaxies
Explanation: This dramatic image of an interacting pair of galaxies was made using 8-meter Gemini South telescope at Cerro Pachon, Chile. NGC 1531 is the background galaxy with a bright core just above center and NGC 1532 is the foreground spiral galaxy laced with dust lanes. The pair is about 55 million light-years away in the southern constellation Eridanus. These galaxies lie close enough together so that each feels the influence of the other's gravity. The gravitational tug-of-war has triggered star formation in the foreground spiral as evidenced by the young, bright blue star clusters along the upper edge of the front spiral arm. Though the spiral galaxy in this pair is viewed nearly edge-on, astronomers believe the system is similar to the face-on spiral and companion known as M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy.
NGC 3314: When Galaxies Overlap
Explanation: NGC 3314 consists of two large spiral galaxies which just happen to almost exactly line-up. The foreground spiral is viewed nearly face-on, its pinwheel shape defined by young bright star clusters. But against the glow of the background galaxy, dark swirling lanes of interstellar dust are also seen to echo the face-on spiral's structure. The dust lanes are surprisingly pervasive, and this remarkable pair of overlapping galaxies is one of a small number of systems in which absorption of visible light can be used to directly explore the distribution of dust in distant spirals. NGC 3314 is about 140 million light-years away in the multi-headed constellation Hydra.
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7. Refining the views of cosmologists about the problems which may occur in the future or even nowadays; for example, COBE achievements:
The maximum frequency of the radiation intensity is different in a special direction rather than others; in other words, we can find a superior direction in the space; WMAP confirmed this viewpoint in May 2005 too.
None of the existing scientific theories can explain this problem; meanwhile, only belief in the cosmic snail and its powerful core (main universe) justify such special direction.
8. Consideration how the aphelion and perihelion have created:
Perhaps nobody has yet answered this question, why the sun (or any other star or even planet) has not settled in the center of its elliptical orbit, therefore, the aphelion and perihelion, should have be created?
The answer: it is because of the cosmic spiral shape. In the cosmic snail, the “velocity of escape” is greater than “core’s gravitational attraction”; therefore, the aphelion and perihelion should have created. This also explain how the orbits of the planets and stars, are elliptical.
9. Meanwhile, we also shall find the answers of many of the questions; for example, why according to Kepler second law, the orbital velocity is variable; and the planets have retrograde motion?
The answers are also concealed in the cosmic snail, and because the velocity of escape, is greater than core’s gravitational attraction.
10. This theory can help us to reach the targets of establishment the Large Hadron collider too.
Some questions and the answers
May Dark matter be really ‘matter’ or only it so called?
It may be just the ‘antimatter’ we looking for, in the universe. At least a part of Dark matter has formed of the antimatter, because the universe is symmetrically and concurrently, in order.
Why velocity of light is invariable?
- If the source of gravity and something is running away from it, just from the same quality, the velocity of escape is invariable.
- The main universe is the gravity source and its quality is of light.
- Then the velocity of light is invariable.
Why the light has two states?
- The visible light and the other rays all radiate from the main universe.
- The main universe is invisible quantum source for the rays.
- While the light radiates from its source, has quantum state, but while becomes visible, takes wavy state too.
- In other words, quantum state is substantive state for light and wavy state is its accidental state.
Why light moves on straight line?
It depends to volatility nature of the light. Everything that runs away from its source has to escape straightly. Light is so, but while be impressed by a gravitational force, becomes curved or deviated towards another direction. WMAP showed this viewpoint to confirm Einstein’s theory for second time in May 2005, after 1919.
Are cosmologists searching out a Final Theory?
It seems this theory would be able unsettlingly to solve all cosmological problems, therefore we can ask:
Maybe this theory, replace the Theory of Everything, which guides us to a Final Theory?
For accession to a Final Theory in the future, it is better at first we accept this theory; it seems impossible otherwise.
If some cosmologists wouldn’t like to accept this modern model for the universe,
It is better they reject it with strong reasons; reasons stronger than those of this article
A. SHAMAZADEH
Question: is really the shape of the cosmos so, that cosmologists suppose for example as following?
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